In Germany, there is a nationwide standardized screening program for the early detection of diseases in children.
U1 to U9: the first six years of life
From the first examination immediately after birth (U1) to the examination before starting school (U9), this program accompanies you through your child's most important developmental phases. Any potential abnormalities or problems can be identified and treated early.
Health check-ups for children and adolescents are stipulated as services of the statutory health insurance in § 26 SGB V.
J1: The health check for teenagers
For young people between 12 and 14 years of age, there is the adolescent health examination (J1). This checks not only their general health, but also their vaccination status and physical development.
U1
After birth
Identifying life-threatening complications and diseases and malformations requiring immediate treatment, pregnancy, birth and family history, monitoring of breathing, heartbeat, skin color, signs of maturity
Newborn screening: 2nd – 3rd day of life
Early detection of congenital metabolic defects and endocrine disorders (for example, also cystic fibrosis).
Newborn hearing screening: up to the 3rd day of life
Hearing screening to detect bilateral hearing loss from a hearing loss of 35 decibels.
U2
Days 3-10 of life, usually in the maternity ward
Identifying congenital diseases and significant health risks, avoiding complications: medical history and thorough examination of organs, sensory organs and reflexes.
U3
4th – 5th week of life, usually in the pediatrician's office
Examination of the age-appropriate development of reflexes, motor skills, weight and reactions, examination of the organs, questioning about drinking, digestion and sleeping habits, examination of the hip joints for hip dysplasia and dislocation.
U4
3rd – 4th month of life
Examination of the age-appropriate development and mobility of the infant, the organs, sensory organs, genital organs and the skin, examination of growth, motor skills and nervous system.
U5
6th – 7th month of life
Examination of age-appropriate development and mobility, of the organs, sensory organs, genital organs and skin, examination of growth, motor skills and nervous system.
U6
10th – 12th month of life
Examination of age-appropriate development, organs, sensory organs (especially the eyes), monitoring of the musculoskeletal system, motor skills, speech and interaction.
U7
21st – 24th month of life (2nd birthday)
Examination of age-appropriate development, detection of visual impairments, testing of language development, fine motor skills and body control.
U7a
34th – 36th month of life (3rd birthday)
Focus on age-appropriate language development, early detection of visual impairments.
U8
46th – 48th month of life (4th birthday)
Intensive examination of the development of speech, pronunciation and behavior, examination of mobility and coordination skills, reflexes, muscle strength and dental status.
U9
60th – 64th month of life, in time for starting school at age 6
Examination of motor skills, hearing and vision, and language development in order to identify and counteract any illnesses and developmental problems before starting school.
J1
13th to 14th year of life
Examination of general health and growth development, organs and skeletal system, assessment of vaccination status, examination of the stage of puberty, mental development and the occurrence of psychological abnormalities, school performance problems and health-endangering behavior (smoking, alcohol and drug use), advice based on the individual risk profile of the adolescent on possibilities and assistance to avoid health-damaging behaviors and tips for a healthy lifestyle.
Source: https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/themen/praevention/kindergesundheit/fruehcognition-probe-bei-kindern.html